Ecco perché:

* Baud Rate: Baud rate represents the number of symbol changes per second in a digital communication system. A symbol can be a bit (0 or 1), or a more complex combination of bits.

* Square Wave Frequency: The frequency of a square wave represents the number of cycles per second. A cycle is one complete transition from high to low and back to high.

Relazione:

* Simple Case: In alcuni sistemi semplici in cui ogni bit è rappresentato da un ciclo d'onda quadra (alto per un bit 1, basso per un bit 0), quindi la velocità e la frequenza di baud sono uguali.

* Complex Cases: However, many communication systems use more complex encoding schemes:

* Multi-level Encoding: A single symbol can represent multiple bits, requiring more than one square wave cycle. In this case, baud rate is lower than the frequency.

* Line Coding: The square wave shape might be modified to represent data. For example, Manchester encoding uses a transition at the middle of each bit period. The baud rate remains the same, but the frequency might be higher due to the additional transitions.

Esempio:

* A system transmits data at 100 baud. If each bit is represented by one square wave cycle, the frequency of the square wave is also 100 Hz.

* Tuttavia, se il sistema utilizza una codifica a 4 livelli (ciascun simbolo rappresenta 2 bit), la frequenza dell'onda quadra potrebbe essere di 200 Hz (doppia velocità di baud) per accogliere le transizioni aggiuntive.

Conclusione:

The frequency of the square wave used in digital communication is not always directly equal to the baud rate . It depends on the encoding scheme used to represent data.